"

References

Principles of Management by Bright, D. S., Cortes, A. H., Hartmann, E., Parboteeah, K. P., Pierce, J. L., Reece, M., Shah, A., Terjesen, S., Weiss, J., White, M. A., Gardner, D. G., Lambert, J., Leduc, L. M., Leopold, J., Muldoon, J., & O’Rourke, J. S. Available at OpenStax and licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Managing and Performing

  1. Hannaway, J. (1989). Managers Managing: The Workings of an Administrative System. New York: Oxford University Press, P. 39.
  2. Eccles, R. G. & Nohria, N. (1992). Beyond the Hype: Rediscovering the Essence of Management. Boston: The Harvard Business School Press, p. 47.
  3. Hannaway, J. (1989). Managers Managing: The Workings of an Administrative System. New York: Oxford University Press, P. 39; and Kotter, J. P. (1982). The General Managers. New York: The Free Press.
  4. Mintzberg, H. (1973). The Nature of Managerial Work. New York: Harper & Row. P. 37.
  5. Kotter, J. P. (1999). “What Effective General Managers Really Do,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1999, pp. 145–159.
  6. Kotter, J. P. (1999). “What Effective General Managers Really Do,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1999, pp. 145–159.
  7. Sproull, L. S. (1984).“The Nature of Managerial Attention,” in L. S. Sproull (ed.), Advances in Information Processing in Organizations. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  8. Stewart, R. (1967). Managers and Their Jobs. London: Macmillan.
  9. Eccles, R. G. & Nohria, N. (1992). Beyond the Hype: Rediscovering the Essence of Management. Boston: The Harvard Business School Press, p. 47.
  10. Mintzberg, H. (1973). The Nature of Managerial Work. New York: Harper & Row. P. 37.
  11. Pondy, L. R. (1978). “Leadership Is a Language Game,” in M. W. McCall, Jr. and M. M. Lombardo (eds.), Leadership: Where Else Can We Go? Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  12. Mintzberg, H. (2009). Managing. San Francisco, Berrett-Koehler Publishers. P. 26-28.
  13. Eccles, R. G. & Nohria, N. (1992). Beyond the Hype: Rediscovering the Essence of Management. Boston: The Harvard Business School Press, pp. 47-48.
  14. Mintzberg, H. (1990). “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, pp. 166–167.
  15. Mintzberg, H. (1990). “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, p. 167.
  16. Mintzberg, H. (1990). “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, p. 168.
  17. McGregor, J. (2008). “Bezos: How Frugality Drives Innovation,” BusinessWeek, April 28, 2008, pp. 64–66.
  18. Stewart, R. (1967). Managers and Their Jobs. London: Macmillan.
  19. Mintzberg, H. (1990). “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990.
  20. Mintzberg, H. (1990). “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, p. 167.
  21. Katz, Robert L., (1974). “Skills of an Effective Administrator.” Harvard Business Review, September-October 1974.

Managerial Decision-Making

  1. Lynn Stout. 2012. The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations, and the Public. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  2. Peter A. Facione & Noreen C. Facione. 2007. Thinking and Reasoning in Human Decision Making: The Method of Argument and Heuristic Analysis, Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press.
  3. Matthew D. Lieberman. 2003. “Reflexive and reflective judgment processes: A social cognitive neuroscience approach.” In (Eds.) Joseph P. Forgas, Kipling D. Williams, & William von Hippel’s: Social judgments: Implicit and explicit processes, 44-67. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  4. Adam L. Darlow & Steven A. Sloman. 2010. “Two systems of reasoning: Architecture and relation to emotion,” WIREs Cognitive Science, 1: 382-392.
  5. Malcolm Gladwell. 2005. Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. New York: Back Bay Books.
  6. Jennifer M. George. 2000. “Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence.” Human Relations, 53, 1027-1055.
  7. Christopher L. Aberson, Michael Healy, & Victoria Romero. 2000. Ingroup Bias and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4: 157-173.
  8. Elizabeth Kolbert. 2017. Why Facts Don’t Change our Minds. The New Yorker, February 27, 2017.
  9. Karen A. Jehn & Elizabeth A. Mannix. 2001. The Dynamic Nature of Conflict: A Longitudinal Study of Intragroup Conflict and Group Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 238-251.
  10. Linda K. Trevino & Michael E. Brown. 2004. Managing to be ethical: Debunking five business ethics myths. Academy of Management Executive, 18: 69-81.
  11. James R. Rest. 1986. Moral development: Advances in research and theory. Praeger Publishers.

External and Internal Organizational Environments and Corporate Culture

  1. Panetta, Kasey, “Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2018”, Gartner, October 3, 2017. https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2018/
  2. Mearian, Lucas, “What is blockchain? The most disruptive technology in decades”, Computerworld, May 31, 2018. https://www.computerworld.com/article/3191077/security/what-is-blockchain-the-most-disruptive-tech-in-decades.html; https://www.forbes.com/sites/theyec/2018/01/10/23-trends-that-will-shake-the-business-world-in-2018/#6b6c3524583f
  3. Young Entrepreneurship Council, “23 Trends That Will Shake the Business World in 2018”, Forbes, January 10, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/theyec/2018/01/10/23-trends-that-will-shake-the-business-world-in-2018/#6b6c3524583f
  4. This is a broad definition which has been used in different forms. The source here is “What is an External Environment in Business” Chapter 5, study.com, Accessed October 15, 2018. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-external-environment-in-business-definition-types-factors.html
  5. Jamrisko, Michelle, “China’s Economy to Overtake Euro Zone This Year”, Bloomberg, March 6, 2018. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-06/china-s-economy-is-set-to-overtake-combined-euro-area-this-year
  6. China Owns US Debt, but How Much? | Investopedia, April 6, 2018. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/080615/china-owns-us-debt-how-much.asp#ixzz5DcHG4d7k
  7. Rawlinson, Paul, “A prediction for globalization in 2018”, World Economic Forum, January 22, 2018. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/prediction-globalization-2018/
  8. Cilluffo, Anthony and Cohen, D’Vera, “10 demographic trends shaping the U. S. and the World in 2017”, Pew Research Center, April 27, 2017. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/27/10-demographic-trends-shaping-the-u-s-and-the-world-in-2017/
  9. Graf, Nikki, Sexual Harassment at work in the Era of #MeToo”, Pew Research Center, April 4, 2018. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2018/04/04/sexual-harassment-at-work-in-the-era-of-metoo/
  10. The Global Risks Report 2018 13th Edition. (2018). The World Economic Forum, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GRR18_Report.pdf, p. 6. Also see http://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2018/global-risks-landscape-2018/
  11. Fry, Richard, “It’s becoming more common for young adults to live at home for longer stretches”, Pew Research Center, May 5, 2017. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/05/05/its-becoming-more-common-for-young-adults-to-live-at-home-and-for-longer-stretches/
  12. DeSilver, Drew, “Women scarce at the top of U.S. business- and in the job that lead there”, Pew Research Center, April 30, 2018. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/04/30/women-scarce-at-top-of-u-s-business-and-in-the-jobs-that-lead-there/
  13. Hunt, Vivian et al, “Delivering Through Diversity”, McKinsey, January 2018. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/Organization/Our%20Insights/Delivering%20through%20diversity/Delivering-through-diversity_full-report.ashx
  14. The Global Economic Report, 13th Edition, World Economic Forum, 2018. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GRR18_Report.pdf
  15. Rice, Doyle, “Thousands of low-lying islands may become ‘uninhabitable’ within decades as seas rise”, USA Today, April 25, 2018. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/04/25/thousands-low-lying-islands-may-become-uninhabitable-within-decades-seas-rise/550659002/
  16. Felice De Toni, A. and G. De Zan. (2016), The complexity dilemma, Three tips for dealing with complexity in organizations, Practitioner, Dec. 31, https://journal.emergentpublications.com/article/the-complexity-dilemma/
  17. Eisenhardt, K. M., & Sull, D. N. (2001). “Strategy as simple rules”, Harvard Business Review, 79(1): 106-119
  18. Ibid.
  19. Bersin, Josh, et al, “2017 Global Human Capital trends”, Deloitte Insights, February 28, 2017. https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/organization-of-the-future.html
  20. Ibid.
  21. Burns, T. & Stalker, G. M. (1961), The Management of Innovation, Tavistock, London; Mintzberg, H. 1979. The structuring of organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Emery, Fred E. and Eric L. Trist, (1965), “The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments”, pp 21-32 in Human Relations, February 1965
  22. Anand, N. and R. Daft. (2007). What is the Right Organization Design? Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 329–344.
  23. Ibid.
  24. This section draws on a number of scholarly and practitioner sources, including the following: R. Daft. (2016). Organization Theory & Design, 12th ed. Cengage Learning, Boston, MA; https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/team-structure-diagrams; Burton and Obel. (2018). Journal of Organization Design Vol. 7, Issue 5, Devaney, Erik, “7 types of organizational Structure & Whom They’re Suited For [Diagrams], Hubspot, accessed November 18, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0029-2; “Matrix Teams”, Global Integration, accessed November 18, 2018. http://www.global-integration.com/glossary/matrix-teams/; and Bersin, josh, “The organization of the Future: Arriving Now’, 2017 Global Human Capital Trends, Deloitte Insights, February 28, 2017. https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/organization-of-the-future.html
  25. Brent Durbin. Matrix organization, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/matrix-organization
  26. “Matrix Teams”, Global Integration, accessed November 18, 2018. http://www.global-integration.com/glossary/matrix-teams/
  27. ibid.
  28. G. Satell. (June 8, 2015). What Makes an Organization “Networked”, Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2015/06/what-makes-an-organization-networked
  29. Satell, Greg, “The Story of Networks”, Digital Tonto, September 26, 2010. https://www.digitaltonto.com/2010/the-story-of-networks/; and “Networked Organizations”, Global Integration, accessed November 18, 2018. http://www.global-integration.com/glossary/matrix-teams/ http://www.global-integration.com/glossary/networked-organization/
  30. J. Bersin, T. McDowell, A. Rahnema, and Yves Van Durme. (February 28, 2017), “The organization of the future: Arriving now, 2017” Global Human Capital Trends, Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/organization-of-the-future.html
  31. Lister, Jonathan, “The Disadvantages of Network-based organizational Structure”, Chron, accessed November 18, 2018. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-networkbased-organization-structure-35988.html
  32. Sources in this section include the following: C. Handy. (May–June 1995). Trust and the Virtual Organization, Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/1995/05/trust-and-the-virtual-organization; M. Ahuja and K. Carley. (1999), Network Structure in Virtual Organizations, Organization Science, Volume 10, Issue 6, June, pp. 741 – 757; http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/what-is-virtual-organisation-definition-characteristics-and-types/35533
  33. D. Onley. (Apr 29, 2015), Environment, https://www.shrm.org/ResourcesAndTools/hr-topics/technology/Pages/How-Telecommuting-Helps-the-Environment.aspx
  34. I. McCarthy, T. Lawrence, B. Wixted, and B. Gordon. (2010). A Multidimensional Conceptualization of Environmental Velocity, Academy of Management Review 34, no. 4, pp. 604-626
  35. Katz, D. & Kahn R. L. (1966). The social psychology of organizations, John Wiley, New York, N.Y.
  36. Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General System Theory, George Braziller, publisher, New York.
  37. Adapted from Arie Y. Lewin and Carroll U. Stephens, “CEO Attributes as Determinants of Organization Design: An integrated Model,” Organization Studies 15, no. 2 (1994): 183-212
  38. J. Trevor and B. Varcoe. (2017). How Aligned Is Your Organization? Harvard Business Review, February, https://hbr.org/2017/02/how-aligned-is-your-organization
  39. Dalavagas, Iason, “McDonald’s Corp: A Short SWOT Analysis, Value line, May 11, 2015. http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Highlights/McDonalds_Corp___A_Short_SWOT_Analysis.aspx#.WyqOj1VKiig
  40. “Amazon accounts for 43% of US online retail sales” Business Insider, February 3, 2017. http://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-accounts-for-43-of-us-online-retail-sales-2017-2
  41. Dudovskiy, John, “Amazon Organizational Structure”, Research Methodology, August 1, 2018 https://research-methodology.net/amazon-organizational-structure-2/
  42. Meyer, Pauline, “Amazon.com Inc.’s Organizational Structure Characteristics (An Analysis)”, Panmore Institute, September 8, 2018 http://panmore.com/amazon-com-inc-organizational-structure-characteristics-analysis
  43. Ibid.
  44. Cohan, Peter, “3 Reasons Amazon Is the World’s Best Business”, Forbes, February 2, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/petercohan/2018/02/02/3-reasons-amazon-is-the-worlds-best- business/#563e86e63565
  45. Hyken, Shep, “Drucker said Culture Eats Strategy for Breakfast”, Forbes, December 5, 2015. https://www.forbes.com/sites/shephyken/2015/12/05/drucker-said-culture-eats-strategy-for-breakfast-and-enterprise-rent-a-car-proves-it/#7a7572822749
  46. Ed Schein. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership, 4th ed., San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; J.W. Weiss. (2014). An Introduction to Leadership, 2nd ed., Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
  47. This discussion of the CVF is based on these sources: K. Cameron, R. Quinn, J. Degraff, and A. Thakor, (2014). Competing Values Leadership, 2nd ed., New Horizons in Management, Northampton, MA; K. Cameron and R. Quinn (2006). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; and https://www.ocai-online.com/blog/2016/09/Organizational-culture-Create-Collaborate-Control-Compete
  48. T. Yu and N. Wu. (2009). “A Review of Study on the Competing Values Framework”, International Journal of Business Management, Vol.4, No. 7, July, pp. 47-42.
  49. Nocera, Joe, “Jeff Bezos and The Amazon way”, The New York Times, August 21, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/22/opinion/joe-nocera-jeff-bezos-and-the-amazon-way.html
  50. Farber, Madeline, “Amazon Employee Attempts Suicide After Sending Email to Colleagues”, Fortune, November 29, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/11/29/amazon-employee-suicide-attempt/
  51. The Global Economic Report, 13th Edition, World Economic Forum, 2018. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GRR18_Report.pdf, p. 8 and pp. 54-57.
  52. Agarwal, Dimple, “Introduction: The Rise of the Social Enterprise”, Deloitte Insights, March 28, 2018.? https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2018/introduction.html
  53. Ibid.
  54. Ibid.

Ethics, Corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability

  1. Hartman, L., J. DesJardins and MacDonald, C. (2018). Business Ethics: Decision Making for Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, New York; and Weiss, J.W. (2014). Business Ethics, A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach, 6th ed. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  2. Eleazar Melendez. (2013). Financial Crisis Cost Tops $22 Trillion. https://www.huffingtonpost.co/2013/02/14/financial-crisis-cost-gao_n_2687553.html
  3. James Flanigan. (2002). Enron Is Proving Costly to Economy, http://articles.latimes.com/2002/jan/20/news/mn-23790
  4. David Auerbach. (2015). The Programs That Become the Programmers, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2015/09/pedro_domingos_master_algorithm_how_machine_learning_is_reshaping_how_we.html
  5. Julia Angwin, Jeff Larson, Surya Mattu and Lauren Kirchner. (2016). Machine Bias. ProPublica analysis of data from Broward County, Fla., https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
  6. Hern, A. “Growth of AI Could Boost Cybercrime and Security Threats, Report Warns”, The Guardian, February 21, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/feb/21/ai-security-threats-cybercrime-political-disruption-physical-attacks-report
  7. Nevejans, N. (2016). European Civil Law Rules in Robotics, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/571379/IPOL_STU(2016)571379_EN.pdf
  8. Ripple, W., World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Warning”, XXXX / Vol. XX No. X • BioScience, 2017, http://scientists.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/sw/files/Ripple_et_al_warning_2017.pdf.
  9. Samuel Chiu. (2017). Climate experts release latest science on sea level rise projections, https://phys.org/news/2017-04-climate-experts-latest-science-sea.html
  10. Friedman, Z. (2018). Trump Administration Requests $0 In Funding For Consumer Protection Agency, https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2018/01/19/cfpb-funding-trump/#61dd837c1826
  11. AACSB, A Collective Vision for Business Education, AACSB International, 2016, https://www.aacsb.edu/-/media/aacsb/publications/research-reports/collective-vision/collective-vision-for-business-education.ashx
  12. ECI Connects. (2016). https://connects.ethics.org/search?executeSearch=true&SearchTerm=22+percent&l=1
  13. Rokeach, M., The Nature of Human Values, Free Press, 1973, p. 56.
  14. Ibid.
  15. Comrie, H. (2017). Wells Fargo Fake Accounts Scandal, https://sevenpillarsinstitute.org/wells-fargo-fake-accounts-scandal/
  16. Carouchi, R. (2016). Why Ethical People Make Unethical Choices, https://hbr.org/2016/12/why-ethical-people-make-unethical-choices
  17. This section is based on and taken from J.W. Weiss, (2014), Business Ethics, A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach, 6th edition, Barrett-Koehler Publishers, Oakland, CA.
  18. Covey, S. R. (2004). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Restoring the character ethic. New York: Free Press.
  19. Sarros, J., Cooper, B.K., and Santora, J.C., “Building a Climate for Innovation Through Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture”, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, June 30, 2008.
  20. Velasquez, M., Andre, C., Shanks, T., & Meyer, M. (2014). Can Ethics Be Taught? http://www.scu.edu/ethics-center/aboutcenter
  21. Sisodia, R., Wolfe, D., and Sheth, J. (2007). Firms of endearment: How world- class companies profit from passion and purpose, 137. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.
  22. Collins, J. (2001). Good to great, 21. New York: HarperCollins; and parts of this section are based on J.W.Weiss (2015), Introduction to Leadership, 2nd edition, Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
  23. Barnard, C. (1939). The functions of the executive, 259. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  24. Rost, J. C., and Barker, R.A., “Leadership Education in Colleges: Toward a 21st Century Paradigm”, Journal of Organizational Studies, January 1, 2000.
  25. Kauflin,J. (2017). The World’s Most Ethical Companies, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2017/03/14/the-worlds-most-ethical-companies-2017/#1a0f42e07bc3
  26. Ephisphsere, (2017). Worlds Most Ethical Companies. http://worldsmostethicalcompanies.com/honorees/
  27. Beauchamp, T. L., & Bowie, N. F. (1988). Ethical theory and business (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  28. Lelyveld, J. Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India , Knopf, 2011.
  29. The Guardian. (2014). Corporate transparency: why honesty is the best policy, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/corporate-transparency-honesty-best-policy
  30. Cialdini, Petia, Petrova, and Goldstein, “The Hidden Costs of Organizational Dishonesty”, MIT Sloan Review, Spring, 2004.
  31. Oates, D., “Young Dallas philanthropist impacts the world from her Deep Ellum shop”, Culture Map, October 30, 2014, http://dallas.culturemap.com/news/fashion/10-30-14-akola-project-flagship-store-deep-ellum-brittany-underwood/#slide=0.
  32. Xavier University News and Events, “Former Malden Mills CEO Aaron Feuerstein speaking at Heroes of Professional Ethics event March 30”, March 24, 2009, https://www2.xavier.edu/campusuite25/modules/news.cfm?seo_file=Former-Malden-Mills-CEO-Aaron-Feuerstein-speaking-at-Heroes-of-Professional-Ethics-event-March-30&grp_id=1#.W6FLZPZFyUk
  33. Lussier, R. and Achua, C., Leadership: Theory, Application, and Skill Development, Thomson/South-Western, 2006.
  34. Greenleaf, R.K., Servant Leadership: A Journey Into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness, Paulist Press, 1977.
  35. DeGraaf, D., Tilley C., & Neal, L. (2004). Servant-leadership characteristics in organizational life.
  36. Driscoll, D. M., and Hoffman, W. (2000). Ethics matters, 68. Waltham, MA: Center for Business Ethics.
  37. Fortune editors. (2016). The World’s 19 Most Disappointing Leaders, http://fortune.com/2016/03/30/most-disappointing-leaders/
  38. Schein, E. (2017). Organizational culture and leadership, 5th ed., Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  39. Cameron, K. and R. Quinn. (2011). Diagnosing and Changing Organization Culture, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons publishers.
  40. Schein, E. (2017). Organizational culture and leadership, 5th ed., Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  41. Coleman, J. (2013). Six Components of a Great Corporate Culture, https://hbr.org/2013/05/six-components-of-culture
  42. This section is based on and extrapolates from Ephisphere’s Erica Salmon Byrnes’ 2017 article “ Culture Matters: The Advantages of a Strong Ethical Culture are Manifold,” found at https://insights.ethisphere.com/culture-matters/:
  43. Killingsworth, S. (2012), Modeling the Message: Communicating Compliance through Organizational Values and Culture. The Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics,Vol. 25:961-987. file:///C:/Users/jweiss/Downloads/SSRN-id2161076.pdf
  44. This section is based on and extrapolates from Ephisphere’s Erica Salmon Byrnes’ 2017 article “ Culture Matters: The Advantages of a Strong Ethical Culture are Manifold,” found at https://insights.ethisphere.com/culture-matters/
  45. Weller, A. (2017). Exploring Practitioners’ Meaning of “Ethics,” “Compliance,” and “Corporate Social Responsibility” Practices: A Communities of Practice Perspective, Business & Society, pp. 1-27, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0007650317719263
  46. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (March 2003). PricewaterhouseCoopers. http://www.pwc.com/en_US/us/sarbanes-oxley/assets/so_overview_final.pdf, accessed February 13, 2012.
  47. Carroll, A. B. (2008). A History of Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts and Practices, in The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Chapter: Chapter 2, Publisher: Oxford University Press, pp.19 – 46
  48. Freeman, R. E. and Gilbert, D. R., Jr. (1988). Corporate strategy and the search for ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  49. Rudominer, R. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility Matters: Ignore Millennials at Your Peril. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ryan-rudominer/corporate-social-responsi_9_b_9155670.html
  50. Ibid.
  51. Elkington, J., Cannibals with Forks, Oxford University Press, 1999.
  52. Villas, N. (2017). Top 20 Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives for 2017, https://www.smartrecruiters.com/blog/top-20-corporate-social-responsibility-initiatives-for-2017/
  53. Friedman, Z. (2018). Trump Administration Requests $0 In Funding For Consumer Protection Agency, https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2018/01/19/cfpb-funding-trump/#61dd837c1826
  54. Teng, D. and R. Yazdanifard. (2014). Does Corporate Social Responsibility make any differences when it comes to “Un-substitutable” Product from Customer Point of View, Journal of Research in Marketing Volume 2 No.2 April, pp. 167-171.
  55. Menichini, T. and Rosati, F., “The Strategic Impact of CSR Consumer-Company Alignment”, Procedia- Behavioral and Social Sciences, 109 ( 2014 ) 360 – 364, and Becker-Olsen and Hill, “The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior”, Journal of Business Research, 59 (1) (2006), pp. 46-53.
  56. Orlitzky, O, F. Schmidt and S.Rynes. (2003). Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Organization Studies, 24:3 pp.403-441.
  57. Robbins, R. (2015, May 5). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Increase Profits?, http://business-ethics.com/2015/05/05/does-corporate-social-responsibility-increase-profits/
  58. Berman, S., Wicks, A., Kotha, S., and Jones, T. (1999). Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42, No. 5,October, pp. 488–506.
  59. Freeman, R. E. (1999). Divergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, 24, 233–236.
  60. Weiss, J.W. (2014). Business Ethics, A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach, 6th ed. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers; and Bowie, N., and Duska, R. (1991). Business ethics, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
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  63. Falck, O. and S. Heblich, “. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing Well By Doing Good, Business Horizons 50 (2007): 247–254.
  64. Curtis C. Verschoor and Elizabeth A. Murphy, “The Financial Performance of Large U.S. Firms and Those with Global Prominence: How Do the Best Corporate Citizen Rate?” Business and Society Review 107, no. 2 (Fall 2002), 371–381.
  65. Dvorak, P. (2007). Theory & Practice: Finding the Best Measure of ‘Corporate Citizenship, The Wall Street Journal, July 2, B3 ; and Greening, D. and D.Turban. (2000). Corporate Social Performance as a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce, Business and Society 39, no. 3, September, 254.
  66. Daft, R. (2016). Organizational Theory & Design, 12th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
  67. Weiss, J.W. (2014). Business Ethics, A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach, 6th ed. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  68. Cassin, R. (2017). Halliburton pays $29 million to settle Angola FCPA offenses, http://www.fcpablog.com/blog/2017/7/27/halliburton-pays-29-million-to-settle-angola-fcpa-offenses.html
  69. Weiss, J.W. (2014). Business Ethics, A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach, 6th ed. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  70. Vijay Govindarajan, reported in Gail Dutton, “Building a Global Brain,” Management Review (May 1999), 34–38.
  71. United nations Global Compact, “The Ten principles of the united Nations Global Compact”, https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/mission/principles.
  72. Donaldson, T. and T. Dunfee(2000). A Review of Donaldson and Dunfee’s Ties That Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, December, volume 28, issue 4, pp 383–387.
  73. Hanna, D. (2016). Where can corporate culture and national cultures meet? https://www.insidehr.com.au/where-can-corporate-culture-and-national-cultures-meet/
  74. Wittenberg-Cox, A. (2017). How Royal DSM Is Improving Its Geographic and Gender Diversity, https://hbr.org/2017/07/how-royal-dsm-is-improving-its-geographic-and-gender-diversity.
  75. Ibid.
  76. Vijay Govindarajan, reported in Gail Dutton, “Building a Global Brain,” Management Review (May 1999), 34–38.
  77. Homer H. Johnson, “Does It Pay to Be Good? Social Responsibility and Financial Performance,” Business Horizons (November–December 2003), 34–40
  78. Ethisphere, “ Advancing Business Integrity for Compatitive Advantage”, https://ethisphere.com/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_JSz4IOS2QIVzQOGCh2cXwXFEAAYASAAEgIaAfD_BwE.
  79. The Wall Street Journal/CFO Journal Deloitte, 2018, https://deloitte.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2018/06/04/whistleblower-programs-who-should-be-in-charge-3/
  80. Kaptein, M. (2017). The Moral Entrepreneur: A New Component of Ethical Leadership, Journal of Business Ethics. May, Pp. 1-16.
  81. Brown, M and Trevino L., “Ethical leadership: A review and future directions”, The Leadership Quarterly, December 2006, Pages 595-616.
  82. Ibid.
  83. Kaptein, M. (2017). The Moral Entrepreneur: A New Component of Ethical Leadership, Journal of Business Ethics. May, Pp. 1-16.
  84. Brown, M and Trevino L., “Ethical leadership: A review and future directions”, The Leadership Quarterly, December 2006, Pages 595-616.
  85. Gregory, T., “Small Catholic University, Big Muslim Enrollment Try To Build Bridges”, The Chicago Tribune, January 14, 2017, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-benedictine-university-muslims-met-20170115-story.html.
  86. Smith, “Could Your Leadership Style be Influencing Bad Behavior?”, INSEAD Knowledge, October 14, 2014, https://knowledge.insead.edu/leadership-organisations/could-your-leadership-style-be-influencing-bad-behaviour-3638.
  87. van Prooijen, A.M. and Ellemers, N, “Does it pay to be moral? How indicators of morality and competence enhance organizational and work team attractiveness”, British Journal of Management 26 (2), 225-236

 

Strategic Analysis: Understanding a Firm’s Competitive Environment

  1. PDR (2016). Lauri Goodman Lampson, President + CEO. http://www.pdrcorp.com/lauri-goodman-lampson/ Accessed July 28, 2017.
  2. Steelcase, (n.d.). Accenture Relocation Aids Collaboration. https://www.steelcase.com/research/articles/topics/real-estate-optimization/accenture/ Accessed July 28, 2017.
  3. PDR (2016). Lauri Goodman Lampson President + CEO. http://www.pdrcorp.com/lauri-goodman-lampson/ Accessed July 28, 2017.
  4. Steelcase (2011). Accenture Case Study. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4oIlY3HJfo&t=219s Accessed July 28, 2017.
  5. Paychex (2017). Company History. https://www.paychex.com/corporate/history.aspx Accessed July 28, 2017.
  6. Chris Mooney (January 10, 2017). “America’s first ‘clean coal’ plant is now operational — and another is on the way.” The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/10/americas-first-clean-coal-plant-is-now-operational-and-another-is-on-the-way/?utm_term=.0020d0987631 Accessed July 28, 2017.
  7. Smith, Geoffrey (2017). “Paris Wants to Ban the Combustion Engine by 2030.” Fortune. Oct. 12, 2017. http://fortune.com/2017/10/12/paris-combustion-engine-ban/
  8. Trangbæk, Roar Rude (2016). “LEGO Group to invest 1 Billion DKK Boosting Search for Sustainable Materials.” https://www.lego.com/en-us/aboutus/news-room/2015/june/sustainable-materials-centre. Accessed July 29, 2017.
  9. Brand Finance (2017). “Toys 25 2016.” http://brandfinance.com/images/upload/brand_finance_toys_25_2017_report_locked.pdf Accessed July 29, 2017.
  10. Holodny, Elena (2016). TIMELINE: The tumultuous 155-year history of oil prices. Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-155-year-history-of-oil-prices-2016-12 Accessed July 29, 2017.
  11. Peters, Adele (2015). “Why LEGO is Spending Millions to Ditch Oil-Based Plastic.” Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/3048017/why-lego-is-spending-millions-to-ditch-oil-based-plastic Accessed July 29, 2017.
  12. Ridester (2017). “How Much do Uber Drivers Actually Make? The Inside Scoop.” Ridester.com. https://www.ridester.com/how-much-do-uber-drivers-make/ Accessed July 29, 2017.
  13. Bensinger, Greg (2017). “Lyft Shifts Gears With New Driverless-Car Division; San Francisco company to hire hundreds of engineers and open new Silicon Valley office.” The Wall Street Journal. July 21, 2017.
  14. Edelstein, Stephen (2017). “Lyft Finally Launches Its Boston Self-Driving Car Pilot Program.” The Drive. Dec. 17, 2017. http://www.thedrive.com/tech/16779/lyft-finally-launches-its-boston-self-driving-car-pilot-program
  15. O’Kane, Sean (2018). “I took a gamble by riding in a self-driving Lyft in Las Vegas.” The Verge. January 8, 2018. https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/8/16860590/self-driving-lyft-las-vegas-ces-2018
  16. Korosec, Kristen (2018). “Uber self-driving cars back on public roads, but in manual mode/” Tech Crunch. July 24, 2018. https://techcrunch.com/2018/07/24/uber-self-driving-cars-back-on-public-roads-but-in-manual-mode/

The Strategic Management Process: Achieving and Sustaining Competitive Advantage

  1. Feldman, Amy (2016). “Costco For Millennials: How Chieh Huang Built Boxed, A Mobile Juggernaut With $100M+ In Revenue.” Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestreptalks/2016/10/19/costco-for-millennials-how-chieh-huang-built-boxed-a-mobile-juggernaut-with-100m-in-revenue/#7870fb552adb Accessed September 4, 2017.
  2. Mccausland, Christianna (2016). “Boxed founder Chieh Huang shares lessons in entrepreneurship.” Johns Hopkins Magazine. https://hub.jhu.edu/magazine/2016/summer/boxed-chieh-huang-interview/. Accessed September 4, 2017.
  3. Huang, Chieh (2016). Interview on Mad Money, MSNBC. Available on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ANAe1vLAIw
  4. The Marketing Blender (2017). “Best Examples of Company Vision and Mission Statements.” http://www.themarketingblender.com/vision-mission-statements/
  5. Ibid.
  6. CBInsights (2018). “Walmart’s Been On A Buying Spree. Which Company Could It Acquire Next?.” CBInsights.com. https://www.cbinsights.com/research/walmart-acquisition-targets/. Jan. 5, 2018.
  7. Tesla (2017). “Tesla Gigafactory.” Tesla.com. https://www.tesla.com/gigafactory. Accessed September 4, 2017.

Organizational Structure and Change

  1. For an in-depth exploration of the field of organizational development and change, see Cummings, Thomas G. and Worley, Christopher G., Organization Development and Change, 11th edition, Cengage Learning, 2019.
  2. Katz, D. and Kahn, R. L., The Social Psychology of Organizations, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1978; and Schein, Edgar, Organizational Psychology, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 1980.
  3. Weber, Max, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, Oxford University Press, 1958.
  4. Brown, K. and Eisenhardt, M., “The Art of Continuous Change: Linking Complexity Theory and Time-Paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 1997, pp 1-34.
  5. Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L., “Choosing Strategies for Change”, Harvard Business Review, 57, 1979, pp. 106-114.
  6. Setter, Craig Joseph and The Council for Six Sigma Certification, Six Sigma: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide, The Council for Six Sigma Certification, 2018.
  7. Eisenbach, R., Watson, K., and Pillai, R., “Transformational Leadership in the Context of Organizational Change”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12, 1999, pp. 80-89.
  8. Cummings, Thomas G. and Worley, Christopher G., Organization Development and Change, 11th edition, Cengage Learning, 2019.
  9. Quinn, R. E. (2015). The Positive Organization: Breaking Free from Conventional Cultures, Constraints, and Beliefs (1 edition). Oakland: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  10. Lewin, K., Field Theory in Social Science, Harper & Row, 1951; and Kotter, J., Leading Change, Harvard Business School Press, 2012.
  11. Cooperrider, David L., The Appreciative Inquiry Handbook: For Leaders of Change, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2008.
  12. Olson, Edwin E. and Eoyang, Glenda H., Facilitating Organizational Change: Lessons from Complexity Science, Pfeiffer, 2001.
  13. Bright, D. S. (2009). Appreciative Inquiry and Positive Organizational Scholarship: A Philosophy of Practice for Turbulent Times. OD Practitioner, 41(3), 2–7.
  14. Whitney, D., & Trosten-Bloom, A. (2010). The Power of Appreciative Inquiry: A Practical Guide to Positive Change (Second Edition). Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  15. Burnes, B. (2005). Complexity theories and organizational change. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7(2), 73–90.
  16. Owen, H. (2008). Open Space Technology: A User’s Guide (Third Edition). Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  17. Olson, E. E., & Eoyang, G. H. (2001). Facilitating Organization Change: Lessons From Complexity Science (1st ed.). Pfeiffer.
  18. ibid.

Human Resource Management

  1. Ulrich, Younger, Brockbank, Younger, HR From the Outside In, 2012. SHRM.org
  2. “The Performance Management Revolution”, Harvard Business Review, October 2016).
  3. Buckingham and Goodall, “Reinventing Performance Management”, Harvard Business Review, 2015.
  4. Goler, Gale and Grant, “Let’s Not Kill Performance Evaluations Yet”, Harvard Business Review, Nov 2016.
  5. Capelli and Tavis, “The Performance Management Revolution”, Harvard Business Review, 2016, p. 9-11.
  6. Stephen Miller, “Study: Pay for Performance Pays Off”, Society for Human Resource Management, 2011.
  7. 2015 World at Work “Compensation Programs and Practices Report”
  8. Nohria, Groysberg, Lee, “Employee, Motivation: A Powerful New Model” Harvard Business Review, August 2008.
  9. Fernandez-Araoz, Groysberg, Nohria, “The Definitive Guide to Recruiting in Good Times and Bad”, Harvard Business Review, 2009.
  10. Ibid.
  11. Effron and Ort, One Page Talent Management, Harvard Business School Press, 2010.

Diversity in Organizations

  1. McGrath, J. E., Berdahl, J.L., & Arrow, H. (1995). Traits, expectations, culture, and clout: The dynamics of diversity in work groups. In S.E. Jackson & M.N. Ruderman (Eds.), Diversity in Work Teams, 17-45. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
  2. Thomas, R. R. 1991. Beyond race and gender. New York, NY: AMACOM.
  3. Cox, Taylor H., and Stacy Blake. “Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness.” The Executive (1991): 45-56.
  4. Pelled, L. H., Ledford, G. E., Jr., & Mohrman, S. A. (1999). Demographic dissimilarity and workplace inclusion. Journal of Management Studies, 36, 1013-1031.
  5. Lambert, J.R., & Bell, M.P. (2013). Diverse forms of difference. In Q. Roberson (Ed.) Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work (pp. 13 – 31). New York: Oxford University Press.
  6. Harrison, D.A., Price, K.H., & Bell, M.P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: time and the effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 96-107.
  7. Lambert, J.R., & Bell, M.P. (2013). Diverse forms of difference. In Q. Roberson (Ed.) Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work (pp. 13 – 31). New York: Oxford University Press.
  8. Clair, J.A., Beatty, J.E., & Maclean, T.L. (2005). Out of sight but not out of mind: Managing invisible social identities in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 30 (1), 78-95.
  9. Philips, K.W., Rothbard, N.P., & Dumas, T.L. (2009). To disclose or not to disclose? Status distance and self-disclosure in diverse environments. Academy of Management Review, 34(4), 710-732.
  10. Judy, R.W., D’Amico, C., & Geipel, G.L.(1997). Workforce 2020: Work and Workers in the 21st Century. Indianapolis, Ind: Hudson Institute.
  11. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2016/home.htm
  12. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t01.htm; DeWolf, M. (Mar 1 2017). 12 stats about working women. Retrieved from https://blog.dol.gov/2017/03/01/12-stats-about-working-women
  13. Toosi, Mitra,”Labor force projections to 2024: the labor force is growing, but slowly,” Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2015, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2015.48.
  14. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2016/home.htm
  15. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Table 2: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date 11. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat02.pdf.
  16. Toosi, Mitra,”Labor force projections to 2024: the labor force is growing, but slowly,” Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2015, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2015.48.
  17. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Table 2: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date 11. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat02.pdf.
  18. DeWolf, M. (2017). 12 stats about working women. U.S. Department of Labor Blog.
  19. Eagly, A.H., & Karau, S.J.(2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109 (3): 573-598.
  20. EEOC, “Facts About Sexual Harassment.” Retrieved from https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/publications/fs-sex.cfm
  21. Ibid.
  22. EEOC, “Sexual Harassment.” Retrieved from https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/sexual_harassment.cfm
  23. Feldblum, C.R., & Lipnic, V.A. (2016).Report of the Co-Chairs of the EEOC Select Task Force on the Study of Harassment in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/task_force/harassment/report.cfm
  24. Hernandez, T.K. (2000). Sexual Harassment and Racial Disparity: The Mutual Construction of Gender and Race. Gender, Race and Justice (4J): 183 -224. Retrieved from http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/12
  25. Toosi, Mitra,”Labor force projections to 2024: the labor force is growing, but slowly,” Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2015, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2015.48.
  26. Ibid.
  27. Ibid.
  28. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. African-Americans in the American Workforce. Retrieved from https://www1.eeoc.gov/eeoc/statistics/reports/american_experiences/african_americans.cfm?renderforprint=1
  29. Quilian, L., Pager, D., Midtboen, A.H., & Hexel, O. (Oct 2017). Hiring discrimination against Black Americans hasn’t declined in 25 years. Harvard Business Review.
  30. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/sep/08/airbnb-discrimination-policy-changes-racial-discrimination
  31. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Table 11: Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/cps/tables.htm#charemp.
  32. Ibid
  33. Adams, S. (June 2014). White high school drop-outs are as likely to land jobs as Black college students. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/06/27/white-high-school-drop-outs-are-as-likely-to-land-jobs-as-black-college-students/#51715c547b8f
  34. Pager, D. (2003). The mark of a criminal record. American Journal of Sociology, 108 (5): 937-975.
  35. Bertrand, M. & Mullainathan, S. (2004). Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. American Economic Review, 94 (4): 991-1013
  36. Robinson, C. L., Taylor, T., Tomaskovic-Devey, D., Zimmer, C. & Irwin Jr., M.W. (2005). “Studying race or ethnic and sex segregation at the establishment level: Methodological issues and substantive opportunities using EEO-1 reports.” Work and Occupations 32(1): 5–38.
  37. Kraiger, K., & Ford, J. K. (1985). A Meta-Analysis of Ratee Race Effects in Performance Ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(1), 56-65.
  38. Mays, V. M., Coleman, L. M., & Jackson, J. S. (1996). Perceived Race-Based Discrimination, Employment Status, and Job Stress in a National Sample of Black Women: Implications for Health Outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(3), 319–329.
  39. Lopez, G., Ruiz, N.G., & Patten, E. (2017). Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/08/key-facts-about-asian-americans/; Flores, A. (Sep 18 2017). How the U.S. Hispanic population is changing. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/18/how-the-u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing/ft_17-09-18_Hispanic people_ushispanicpop/
  40. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2016/home.htm
  41. Tafoya, S. (2004). Shades of belonging. Pew Hispanic Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewhispanic.org/2004/12/06/shades-of-belonging/
  42. Ibid.
  43. Hispanic people in the U.S. fast facts. (Mar 31 2017). CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/20/us/Hispanic people-in-the-u-s-/index.html
  44. Ibid.
  45. Liu, E. (May 30 2014). Why are Hispanic people identifying as white? CNN.
  46. Ibid.
  47. Tafoya, S. (2004). Shades of Belonging. Washington D.C.: Pew Hispanic Center. Retrieved from http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/35.pdf.
  48. Taylor, P., Lopex, M.H., Martinez, J., & Velasco. G. (2012). When labels don’t fit: Hispanic people and their views of identity. Retrieved from http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/04/04/when-labels-dont-fit-Hispanic people-and-their-views-of-identity/
  49. Flores, A. (Sep 18 2017). How the U.S. Hispanic population is changing. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/18/how-the-u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing/ft_17-09-18_Hispanic people_ushispanicpop/
  50. Avery, D.R., McKay, P.F., Wilson, D.C., Tonidandel, S. (2007). Unequal attendance: The relationships between race, organizational diversity cues, and absenteeism. Personnel Psychology, 60: 875-902.
  51. Lopez, G., Ruiz, N.G., & Patten, E. (2017). Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/08/key-facts-about-asian-americans/
  52. Ibid.
  53. Ibid.
  54. Ono, K. A., & Pham, V. N. (2009). Asian Americans and the Media. Cambridge, England: Polity.; Paek, H.J., & Shah, H. (2003). Racial ideology, model minorities, and the ‘not so silent partner:” Stereotyping of Asian Americans in U.S. magazine advertising. Howard Journal of Communications, 14(4): 225-244.
  55. Hernandez, T.K. (2000). Sexual Harassment and Racial Disparity: The Mutual Construction of Gender and Race. Gender, Race and Justice (4J): 183 -224. Retrieved from http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/12
  56. Ibid.
  57. Committee of 100: American attitudes toward Chinese Americans and Asian Americans. (2004, Summer). The Diversity Factor, 12(3): 38-44. Retrieved from http://www.committee100.org/publications/survey/C100survey.pdf
  58. Hernandez, T.K. (2000). Sexual Harassment and Racial Disparity: The Mutual Construction of Gender and Race. Gender, Race and Justice (4J): 183 -224. Retrieved from http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/12
  59. Committee of 100: American attitudes toward Chinese Americans and Asian Americans. (2004, Summer). The Diversity Factor, 12(3): 38-44. Retrieved from http://www.committee100.org/publications/survey/C100survey.pdf
  60. Multiracial in America. (June 11 2015) Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/06/11/multiracial-in-america/
  61. Ibid.
  62. Ibid.
  63. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2016/home.htm
  64. Ibid.
  65. Ibid.
  66. Philips, K.W., Rothbard, N.P., & Dumas, T.L. (2009). To disclose or not to disclose? Status distance and self-disclosure in diverse environments. Academy of Management Review, 34(4), 710-732.
  67. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2016/home.htm
  68. Alley, D., & Crimmins, E. 2007. The demography of aging and work. In K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century: 7-23. New York: Psychology Press.
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  70. Desmette, D., & Gaillard, M. (2008). When a “worker” becomes an “older worker”: The effects of age-related social identity on attitudes towards retirement and work. Career Development International, 13, 168–185.
  71. Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2008). The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 392–423.
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  73. Ragins, B.R., Cornwell, J.M. and Miller, J.S. (2003), “Heterosexism in the workplace: do race and gender matter?”, Group & Organization Management, Vol. 28, pp. 45-74.
  74. Human Rights Campaign Foundation (2018), “Corporate equality index 2018 ”, available at:https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/CEI-2018-FullReport.pdf?_ga=2.120762824.1791108882.1521675202-2105331900.1521675202
  75. Button, S.B. (2001), “Organizational efforts to affirm sexual diversity: a cross-level examination”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86 No. 1, pp. 17-28.
  76. GLAAD media reference guide (10th ed.). 2016. Los Angeles, CA: Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. Retrieved from http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/GLAAD-Media-Reference-Guide-Tenth-Edition.pdf
  77. Lamber, J. (2015). The impact of gay-friendly recruitment statements and due process employment on a firm’s attractiveness as an employer. Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: An International Journal, 34 (6): 510-526.
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  84. G. Bristol. 2016. Why Diversity in the Workplace is Imperrative. Entrepreneur, March 25. (Accessed august 4, 2017) https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/270110
  85. J.R. Meindl, S.B. Ehrlich, & J.M. Dukerich. 1985. The romance of leadership. Administrative Science Quarterly 30:78–102.
  86. C. Robert, T. M. Probst, J. J. Martocchion, F. Drasgow, & J. J. Lawler. 2000. Empowerment and continuous improvement in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India: Predicting fit on the basis of the dimensions of power distance and individualism. Journal of Applied Psychology 85:643–658.
  87. P.W. Dorfman & S. Roonen. 1991. The universality of leadership theories: Challenges and paradoxes. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Meetings, Miami.
  88. P.W. Dorfman, J.P. Howell, S. Hiblino, J.K. Lee, U. Tate, & A. Bautista. 1997. Leadership in Western and Asian countries: Commonalities and differences in effective leadership processes across cultures. Leadership Quarterly 8(3):233–274.
  89. P.M. Podsakoff, B.P. Niehoff, S.B. MacKenzie, & M.L. Williams. 1993. Do substitutes for leadership really substitute for leadership: An empirical examination of Kerr and Jermier’s situational leadership model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 54:1–44; S. Kerr. 1977. Substitutes for leadership: Some implications for organizational design. Organization and Administrative Sciences 8:135–146; S. Kerr & J.M. Jermier. 1978. Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 22:375– 403; J. P. Howell & P. W. Dorfman. 1981. Substitutes for leadership: Test of a construct. Academy of Management Journal 24:714– 728; J.L. Pierce, R.B. Dunham, & L.L. Cummings. 1984. Sources of environmental structuring and participant responses. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 33:214–242.
  90. D.G. Gardner, R.B. Dunham, L.L. Cummings, & J.L. Pierce. 1989. Focus of attention at work: Construct definition and empirical validation. Journal of Occupational Psychology 62:61–77.
  91. D.G. Gardner, R.B. Dunham, L.L. Cummings, & J.L. Pierce. 1987. Focus of attention at work and leader-follower relationships. Journal of Occupational Behaviour 8:277–294.
  92. G.A. Yukl. 1981. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  93. B. Kellerman. 1984. Leadership: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; F. L. Landy. 1985. Psychology of work behavior. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
  94. J.M. Burns. 1978. Leadership. New York: Harper & Row; B. M. Bass. 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
  95. R.L. Daft. 2018. The Leadership Experience 7th edition. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
  96. J. R. Baum, E. A. Locke, & S. A. Kirkpatrick. 1998. A longitudinal study of the relation of vision and vision communication to venture growth in entrepreneurial firms. Journal of Applied Psychology 83:43–54; J.M. Howell & P.J. Frost. 1989. A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 43:243–269.
  97. Bennis, 1989.
  98. T. A. Judge & J.E. Bono. 2000. Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology 85:751–765.
  99. R. Pillai, C.A. Schriesheim, & E.S. Williams. 1999. Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal of Management 25:897–933.
  100. C.C. Manz & H.P. Sims, Jr. 1987. Leading workers to lead themselves: The external leadership of self-managed work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly 32:106–129.
  101. Pillai, Schriesheim, & Williams, 1999.
  102. Ibid., 901.
  103. S.N. Eisenstadt. 1968. Max Weber: On charisma and institution building. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 46.
  104. J.A. Conger & R.N. Kanungo. 1987. Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review 12:637–647; Howell & Frost, 1989.
  105. R.J. House & M.L. Baetz. 1979. Leadership: Some empirical generalizations and new research directions. Research in Organizational Behavior 1:341–423; Conger and Kanungo, 1987.
  106. Howell & Frost, 1989.
  107. R. J. House. 1977. A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Larson (eds.). Leadership: The cutting edge. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  108. A. R. Willner. 1984. The spellbinders: Charismatic political leadership. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  109. Conger, 1993.
  110. Ibid.
  111. House & Aditya, 1997.

Work Motivation for Performance

  1. J.E. Hunter & R.E. Hunter. 1984. Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance. Psychological Bulletin 96: 72–98.
  2. Statistics on the prevalence of this choice are available. “Calling in Well: A Look at leave Time Tracking Trends,” actiTIME website, June 2016, https://www.actitime.com/human-resources/leave-time-tracking-trends.php.
  3. H. A. Murray. 1938. Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press.
  4. Murray also hypothesized that people would differ in the degree to which they felt these needs. His list of secondary needs became a basis for his theory of personality.
  5. Representative references include J.W. Atkinson & D.C. McClelland. 1948. The projective expression of needs. II. The effect of different intensities of the hunger drive on thematic apperception. Journal of Experimental Psychology 38:643–658; D.C. McClelland, J.W. Atkinson, R.A. Clark, & E.L. Lowell. 1953. The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; R.C. DeCharms. 1957. Affiliation motivation and productivity in small groups. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 55:222– 276; D.C. McClelland. 1961. The achieving society. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand; and D.C. McClelland. 1975. Power: The inner experience. New York: Irvington.
  6. In fact, McClelland argued that the success of entire societies is dependent on its achievement needs.
  7. D. C. McClelland. 1970. The two faces of power. Journal of International Affairs 24:29–47.
  8. A.H. Maslow. 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Bulletin 50:370–396; A.H. Maslow. 1954. Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row; A. H. Maslow. 1965. Eupsychian management. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
  9. D. McGregor. 1960. The human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill; D. McGregor. 1967. The professional manager. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  10. Maslow, 1943, 382.
  11. C.P. Alderfer. 1972. Existence, relatedness, and growth: Human needs in organizational settings. New York: Free Press.
  12. D.T. Hall & K.E. Nougaim. 1968. An examination of Maslow’s need hierarchy in an organizational setting. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 3:12–35; E.E. Lawler, III & J.L. Suttle. 1972. A causal correlational test of the need hierarchy concept. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 7:265–287; M.A. Wahba & L.G. Bridwell. 1973. Maslow reconsidered: A review of research on the need hierarchy theory. Proceedings of the thirty-third annual meeting of the Academy of Management, 514–520.
  13. C.P. Alderfer. 1972. Existence, relatedness, and growth: Human needs and organizational settings. New York: Free Press.
  14. Note that Herzberg’s theory has often been labeled the “two-factor theory” because it focuses on two continua. This name, however, implies that only two factors are involved, which is not correct. Herzberg prefers not to use the term “two-factor theory” because his two sets of needs identify a much larger number of needs.
  15. F. Herzberg, B. Mausner, & B. Snyderman. 1959. The motivation to work. New York: Wiley; F. Herzberg. 1966. Work and the nature of man. New York: Crowell; F. Herzberg. 1968. One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review 46:54–62.
  16. R.B. Dunham, J.L. Pierce, & J.W. Newstrom. 1983. Job context and job content: A conceptual perspective. Journal of Management 9:187–202.
  17. R.M. Ryan & E.L. Deci. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist 55:68–78.
  18. B.F. Skinner. 1953. Science and human behavior. New York: Free Press; B.F. Skinner. 1969. Contingencies of reinforcement. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton Century-Crofts; B.F. Skinner. 1971. Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Bantam Books.
  19. Ibid.
  20. R. W. Kempen & R. V. Hall. 1977. Reduction of industrial absenteeism: Results of a behavioral approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 20:1–21.
  21. J.S. Adams. 1965. Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press; G.C. Homans. 1961. Social behavior: Its elementary forms. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World.
  22. Ibid.
  23. J. Kane & E.E. Lawler, III. 1979. Performance appraisal effectiveness. In B. Staw (ed.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 1). Greenwood, CT: JAI Press.
  24. E.E. Lawler, III. 1972. Secrecy and the need to know. In M. Dunnette, R. House, & H. Tosi (eds.), Readings in managerial motivation and compensation. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
  25. I.R. Andrews. 1967. Wage inequity and job performance: An experimental study. Journal of Applied Psychology 51:39–45; J.S. Adams. 1963a. Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology 67:422–436; J.S. Adams. 1963b. Wage inequities, productivity and work quality. Industrial Relations 3:9–16.
  26. R.C. Huseman., J.D. Hatfield, & E.W. Miles. 1987. A new perspective on equity theory: The equity sensitivity construct. Academy of Management Review 12:222–234; E.W. Miles, J.D. Hatfield, & R.C. Huseman. 1989. The equity sensitivity construct: Potential implications for worker performance. Journal of Management 15:581–588.
  27. R.J. Bies. 1987. The predicament of justice: The management of moral outrage. In B.M. Staw & L.L. Cummings (eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 9). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 289–319; J. Greenberg. 1987. A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review 12:9–22.
  28. E.L. Locke. 1978. The ubiquity of the technique of goal setting in theories of and approaches to employee motivation. Academy of Management Review 3:594–601; F.W. Taylor. 1911. The principles of scientific management. New York: Norton; K. Lewin. 1935. A dynamic theory of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill; K. Lewin. 1938. The conceptual representation and the measurement of psychological forces. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; K. Lewin, T. Dembo, L. Festinger, & P.S. Sears. 1944. Level of aspiration. In J. McVicker Hunt (ed.), Personality and behavior disorders. New York: Ronald Press, 333–378; P. Drucker. 1954. The practice of management. New York: Wiley; D. McGregor. 1957. An uneasy look at performance appraisal. Harvard Business Review 35:89–94; E.A. Locke. 1968. Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 3:157–189; E.A. Locke, K.N. Shaw, L.M. Saari, & G.P. Latham. 1981. Goal setting and task performance: 1969– 1980. Psychological Bulletin 90:125–152; G. P. Latham & E.A. Locke. 1984. Goal setting: A motivational technique that works! Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  29. C.C. Pinder. 1984. Work motivation: Theory, issues, and applications. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
  30. Locke, 1979.
  31. T.R. Mitchell & W.S. Silver. 1990. Individual and group goals when workers are interdependent: Effects on task strategies and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 75:185–193.
  32. A. Bandura. 1977. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 84:191–215; A. Bandura. 1986b. The explanatory and predictive scope of self- efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 4:359– 373; A. Bandura. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  33. D.G. Gardner & J.L. Pierce. 1998. Self-esteem and self-efficacy within the organizational context: An empirical comparison. Group and Organization Management 23:48–70.
  34. Locke, 1978.
  35. M.L. Ambrose & C.T. Kulik. 1999. Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990s. Journal of Management 25: 231–292.
  36. Chad H. Iddekinge, Herman Aguinis, Jeremy D. Mackey, Philip S. DeOrtentiis, “A Meta-Analysis of the Interactive, additive, and Relative Effects of Cognitive Ability and Motivation on Performance,” Journal of Management, Vol. 44, No. 1, January, 2018.

Managing Teams

  1. Katzenbach and Smith, “The Discipline of Teams”, Harvard Business Review, July 2005.
  2. Gratton and Erickson, “Eight Ways to Build Collaborative Teams”, Harvard Business Review, Nov 2007.
  3. Bruce Tuckman, “Development Sequence in Small Groups”, 1965.
  4. J.J. Gabarro, The Dynamics of Taking Charge, Harvard Business School Press, 1987, pp. 85-87.
  5. Linda A. Hill, “Managing Your Team”, Harvard Business Review, 1995.
  6. Linda A. Hill, “Exercising Influence”, Harvard Business Review, 1994.
  7. Patrick Lencioni, The Five Dysfunctions of a Team, 2002, p. 188.
  8. Capobianco, Davis and Kraus, Managing Conflict Dynamics: A Practical Approach, (2005)
  9. David Rock and Heidi Grant, “Why Diverse Teams are Smarter”, Harvard Business Review, Nov 2016.
  10. Ibid.
  11. Lorenzo, Yoigt, Schetelig, Zawadzki, Welpe, Brosi, “The Mix that Matters: Innovation Through Diversity”, Boston Consulting Group, April 2017.
  12. Brett, Behfar, Kern, “Managing Multicultural Teams”, Harvard Business Review, 2007.
  13. Li and Liao, “Cultural Competence: Why it Matters and How You Can Acquire It”, IESE Insight, 2015.
  14. Earley and Mosakowski, “Cultural Intelligence”, Harvard Business Review article 2004.

Managerial Communication

  1. C. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois Press, 1948.
  2. R. E. Quinn, S. R. Faerman, M. P. Thompson, M.R. McGrath, and D. S. Bright, Becoming a Master Manager, Sixth edition, Wiley, 2015, Page 48.
  3. F. M. Jablin and Linda L. Putnam, The New Handbook of Organizational Communication, Sage, 2005.
  4. D. L. Worthington and G. D. Bodie, The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, Wiley, 2018.
  5. Mintzberg, H. (1973). The Nature of Managerial Work. New York: Harper & Row, p. 31.
  6. Ibid, p. 166-167.
  7. Ibid, p. 167.
  8. McGregor, J. (2008). “Bezos: How Frugality Drives Innovation,” BusinessWeek, April 28, 2008, pp. 64–66.
  9. Mintzberg, H. (1990). “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, pp. 166–167.
  10. Ibid.
  11. Ibid
  12. H. Mintzberg, Mintzberg on Management: Inside our Strange World of Organizations, Free Press, 2007.
  13. Mintzberg, H. (1990). “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, pp. 166–167.
  14. Drucker, P. F. (1954). The Practice of Management. New York: Harper & Row.
  15. Eccles, R. G. & Noria, N. (1992). Beyond the Hype: Rediscovering the Essence of Management. Boston: The Harvard Business School Press, p. 205.
  16. Ibid, p. 211.
  17. Ibid, p. 209.
  18. Ziegler, B. (1994). “Video Conference Calls Change Business,” Wall Street Journal, October 13, 1994, pp. B1, B12.
  19. Rankin, P. T. (1952). The Measurement of the Ability to Understand Spoken Language. (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1926). Dissertation Abstracts 12, No. 6 (1952), pp. 847–848; Nichols, R. G. & Stevens, L. (1957). Are You Listening? New York: McGraw-Hill; and Wolvin, A. D. & Coakley, C. G. (1982). Listening. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown and Co.; and Werner, E. K. (1975). A Study of Communication Time. (M.S. thesis, University of Maryland, College Park)
  20. Kotter, J. P. (1999). “What Effective General Managers Really Do,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1999, pp. 145–159
  21. Berger, P. L. & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday; and Searle, J. R. (1967). The Construction of Social Reality. New York: The Free Press, 1995.
  22. Larkin, T. J. & Larkin, S. (1994). Communicating Change: Winning Employee Support for New Business Goals. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  23. Ibid.

Organizational Planning and Controlling

  1. G.A. Steiner. 1969. Top management planning. London: Macmillan, 6–7.
  2. Prepare for Employees in the Boardroom. 2016 (September 10). The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/09/10/prepare-for-employee-directors-in-the-boardroom/.
  3. H. Koontz & C. O’Donnell. 1972. Principles of management: An analysis of managerial functions. New York: McGraw-Hill, 113–114.
  4. B.E. Goetz. 1949. Management planning and control. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  5. Dalton, D. R., Enz, C. A. (1987). Absenteeism in remission: Planning, policy, culture [Electronic version].Human Resource Planning, 10(2), 81-91. Retrieved July 24, 2017, from Cornell University School of Hotel Administration site: http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/articles/506.
  6. H. Mintzberg. 1975 (July–Aug.). The manager’s job: Folklore and fact. Harvard Business Review, 51.
  7. S.J. Carroll & D.J. Gillen. 1984. The classical management functions: Are they really outdated? Academy of Management Proceedings 44:132–136.
  8. Williams, 1993.
  9. T.A. Mahoney, T.H. Jerdee, & S.J. Carroll, Jr. 1963. Development of managerial performance: A research approach. Cincinnati: Southwestern; T.A. Mahoney, T.H. Jerdee, & S.J. Carroll, Jr. 1965. The jobs of management. California Management Review 4:97–110; J. A. Hass, A. M. Porat, & J. A. Vaughan. 1969. Actual vs. ideal time allocations reported by managers: A study of managerial behavior. Personnel Psychology 22:61–75; R.V. Penfield. 1975. Time allocation patterns and effectiveness of managers. Personnel Psychology 27:245–255.
  10. Keri Calcagna, “Strong Reputations Help Companies Withstand Crises,” The Wall Street Journal, January 16, 2018, deloitte.wsj.com/cmo/2018/01/16/strong-reputations-help-companies-withstand-crises/.
  11. P. Lorange & R.V. Vancil. 1977. Strategic planning systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Steiner, 1969.
  12. K.G. Smith, E.A. Locke, & D. Barry. 1986. Goal setting, planning effectiveness and organizational performance: An experimental simulation. Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland, College of Business and Management, College Park, Maryland.
  13. Koontz & O’Donnell, 1972, 124–128.
  14. Amy Edmondson, “Strategies for learning from Failure,” Harvard Business Review, April 2011 Issue, https://hbr.org/2011/04/strategies-for-learning-from-failure.
  15. Steiner, 1969, 7; M.B. McCaskey. 1974. A contingency approach to planning: Planning with goals and planning without goals. Academy of Management Journal 17:281–291.
  16. McCaskey, 1974.
  17. Ryan Huang, “Six Sigma Killed Innovation in 3M,” ZD net, March 14, 2013, www.zdnet.com/article/six-sigma-killed-innovation-in-3m/; and T. J. Peters & R. J. Waterman, Jr. 1982. In search of excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies. New York: Harper & Row.
  18. P.C. Earley, P. Wojnarock, & W. Prest. 1987. Task planning and energy expended: An exploration of how goals influence performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 47:107–104; P. C. Earley & B. Perry. 1987. Work plan availability and performance: An assessment of task strategy priming on subsequent task completion. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 39:279–302.
  19. Smith, Locke, & Barry, 1986.
  20. R.H. Kilman. 1984. Beyond the quick fix. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 50–51.
  21. C. Perrow. 1961. The analysis of goals in complex organizations. American Sociological Review 26:854.
  22. Richard L. Daft, Organization Theory and Design, Boston, MA, Cengage Learning, 2016, P. 54-56.
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  26. J. Hage. 1965. An axiomatic theory of organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 10:289–320.
  27. M.R. Richards. 1978. Organizational goal structures. St. Paul, MN: West, 27.
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  29. “U.S. Businesses Restructuring Operations to Reap Future Financial Success, Says Intelenet Global Services”. Broadwayworld.com, July 10, 2017; http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwgeeks/article/US-Businesses-Restructuring-Operations-to-Reap-Future-Financial-Success-Says-Intelenet-Global-Services-20170710; H. Mintzberg, et al, Strategy Safari, Free Press, New York, N.Y., 2013; W. Lindsay & L. Rue. 1980. Impact of the organization environment on the long-range planning process: A contingency view. Academy of Management Journal 23:385–404; D. Herold. 1972. Long-range planning and organizational performance: A cross-validation study. Academy of Management Journal 15:91–102; C. Saunders & F.D. Tuggle. 1977. Toward a contingency theory of planning. Presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Orlando, FL; S.S. Thune & R.J. House. 1970. Where long-range planning pays off. Business Horizons 13:81–87.
  30. E.H. Bowman. 1976. Strategy and the weather. Sloan Management Review 17:53.
  31. D.R. Wood & R.L. LaForge. 1979. The impact of comprehensive planning on financial performance. Academy of Management Journal 22:516–526.
  32. Bill Taylor, “Companies That Do Right by Their Workers Start by Elevating Their Definition of Success,” Harvard Business Review, January 18, 2018, https://hbr.org/2018/01/companies-that-do-right-by-their-workers-start-by-elevating-their-definition-of-success.
  33. E.A. Locke & G.P. Latham. 1990. A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; E.A. Locke & G.P. Latham. 1984. Goal setting: A motivational technique that works! Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  34. E.A. Locke. 1982. Relation of goal performance with a short work period and multiple goal levels. Journal of Applied Psychology 67:512–514; G.P. Latham & J.J. Baaldes. 1975. The practical significance of Locke’s theory of goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology 60:187–90; G.P. Latham & E.A. Locke. 1979. Goal setting—A motivational technique that works. Organizational Dynamics, 68–80.
  35. E.A. Locke, K.N. Shaw, L.M. Saari, & G.P. Latham. 1981. Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. Psychological Bulletin 90:125–152.
  36. Locke, 1982; H. Garland. 1983. Influence of ability-assigned goals, and normative information of personal goals and performance: A challenge to the goal attainability assumption. Journal of Applied Psychology 68:20–30; J. R. Hollenbeck & H.J. Klein. 1987. Goal commitment and the goal setting process: Problems, prospects, and proposals for future research. Journal of Applied Psychology 72:212–20.
  37. Locke, Shaw, Saari, & Latham, 1981.
  38. E.A. Locke, G.P. Latham, & M. Erez. 1988. The determinants of goal commitment. Academy of Management Review 13: 23–39.
  39. Ibid.
  40. R.R. Hackman & R. Wageman. 1995. Total quality management: Empirical, conceptual, and practical issues. Administrative Science Quarterly 40:309–342; W.E. Deming. 1993. The new economics for industry, government, education. Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study; W.E. Deming. 1986. Out of the crises. Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
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  43. Locke & Latham, 1990.
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  45. Locke & Latham, 1990.
  46. Deming, 1986.
  47. Jay A. Conger. 1991 (Feb.). Inspiring others: The language of leadership. Academy of Management Executive 5(1):31–45.
  48. See the following article for the findings from this work schedule change: J.L. Pierce & R.B. Dunham. 1992. The 12-hour work day: A 48-hour, 8-day week. Academy of Management Journal 35:1086–1098.
  49. W.H. Newman. 1975. Constructive control. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 6.
  50. W.H. Newman. 1984. Managerial control. In J.E. Rosenzweig & F. E. Kast (eds.), Modules in management series. Chicago: Science Research Associates, 1-42; W.H. Newman, J.R. Logan, & W.H. Hegarty. 1985. Strategy, policy, and central management. Cincinnati: Southwestern; W.H. Sihler. 1979. Toward better management control systems. California Management Review, 14:33–39; E.P. Strong & R.D. Smith. 1968. Management control models. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  51. M.S. Taylor, C.D. Fisher, & D.R. Ilgen. 1984. Individuals’ reactions to performance feedback in organizations: A control theory perspective. In K. M. Rowland & G. R. Ferris (eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 81–124.
  52. E.A. Locke & G.P. Latham. 1984. Goal setting: A motivational technique that works. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  53. Interview with Steven Kerr appearing in R.D. Dunham 1984. Organizational behavior: People and processes in management. Homewood, IL: Irwin, 147; S. Kerr. 1987. On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B. Academy of Management Journal 18: 769–783.
  54. D.B. Greenberger, S. Strasser, L.L. Cummings, & R.B. Dunham. 1989. The impact of personal control on performance and satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 43:31; D.B. Greenberger & S. Strasser. 1986. Development and application of a model of personal control in organizations. Academy of Management Review 11:164.
  55. Greenberger, Strasser, Cummings, & Dunham, 1989.
  56. S.M. Miller. 1977. Controllability and human stress: Method, evidence and behavior. Research and Therapy, 171, 287– 304; M.E.P. Seligman. 1975. Helplessness: On depression, development and death. New York: Freeman.
  57. Greenberger & Strasser, 1986, 174.
  58. Floyd Brown and Mary Beth Brown, “Learned helplessness and the problems of American business: The Browns,” The Jersey Journal, August 11, 2012, www.nj.com/hudson/voices/index.ssf/2012/08/learned_helplessness_and_the_p.html; J.B. Ovmier & M.E.P. Seligman. 1967. Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance learning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 63:28–33; M.J. Martinko & W. L. Gardner. 1982. Learned helplessness: An alternate explanation for performance deficits. Academy of Management Journal 7:195–204.
  59. M.H. Bazerman. 1982. Impact of personal control on performance: Is added control always beneficial? Journal of Applied Psychology 67:472–479.
  60. P. Drucker, 1954; A.P. Raia. 1974. Managing by objectives. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman; R.G. Greenwood. 1981. Management by objectives: As developed by Peter Drucker, assisted by Harold Smiddy. Academy of Management Review 6:225–230.
  61. G.S. Odiorne. 1979. M.B.O. II. Belmont, CA: Fearon.
  62. R. Rodgers & J.E. Hunter. 1991. Impact of management by objectives on organizational productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology Monograph 76:322–336.
  63. Ibid.
  64. R.W. Hollmann. 1976. Applying MBO research to practice. Human Resource Management 15(4):28–36; J.M. Ivancevich, J.H. Donnelly, & J.M. Gibson. 1976. Evaluating MBO: The challenge ahead.
  65. J.C. Aplin & P. P. Schoderbek. 1976. MBO: Requisites for success in the public sector. Human Resource Management 15(2): 30–36.
  66. J.N. Kondrasuk. 1981. Studies in MBO effectiveness. Academy of Management Review 6:419–30.
  67. E.E. Lawler, III. 1986. High-involvement management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; E. E. Lawler, III. 1992. The ultimate advantage: Creating high involvement organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

 

The Four Functions of Management: An Essential Guide to Management Principles by Dr. Robert Lloyd and Dr. Wayne Aho. Available at Fort Hays State University Pressbooks and licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.

Control

  1. Bateman, T., & Snell, S. (2013).  M: Management (3rd ed).  McGraw Hill / Irwin: New York,NY
  2. Bozeman, D., Hochwarier, W., Perrewe, P., & Brymer, R. (2001). Organizational Politics,
  3. Perceived Control, and Work Outcomes: Boundary Conditions on the Effects of Politics 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(3), 486-503.
  4. Bligh, M., Kohles, J., & Yan, Q. (2018). Leading and Learning to Change: The Role of Leadership Style and Mindset in Error Learning and Organizational Change. Journal of Change Management, 18(2), 116-141.
  5. Hagen, A., Udeh, I., & Wilkie, M. (2011). The Way That Companies Should Manage Their Human Resources As Their Most Important Asset: Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business & Economics Research, 1(1).
  6. Liberman, L. (2014). The impact of a Paternalistic Style of Management and Delegation of Authority on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Chile and the US. Innovar, 24(53), 187-196. Wall Street Journal (2010). Foxconn Installs Anti-jumping Nets at Hebei Plants. Retrieved from https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2010/08/03/foxconn-installs-antijumping-nets-at-hebei-plants/

 

Organizing

  1. Bateman, T., & Snell, S. (2013).  M: Management (3rd ed).  McGraw Hill / Irwin: New York, NY
  2. Hagen, A., Udeh, I., & Wilkie, M. (2011). The Way That Companies Should Manage Their Human Resources As Their Most Important Asset: Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 1(1), Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 02/11/2011, Vol.1(1).
  3. Liberman, L. (2014). The impact of a Paternalistic Style of Management and Delegation of Authority on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Chile and the US. Innovar, 24(53), 187-196.

 

 

Waymaker Principles of Management by Lumen Learning. Available at Lumen Learning and licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Control

  • CC licensed content, Original
  • What Does Control Mean in the Business Setting?. Authored by: Talia Lambarki and Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution

Organization

  • CC licensed content, Original
  • The Purpose of Organization. Authored by: David J. Thompson, Ph.D. and Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution

Culture

  • CC licensed content, Original
  • What Is Organizational Culture?. Authored by: Lisa Jo Rudy and Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution

Teams

  • CC licensed content, Original
  • Introduction to Common Group Behaviors. Authored by: John/Lynn Bruton and Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution

 

 

Introduction to Business Administration by Amit Shah, Bethann Talsma, Carl McDaniel, Lawrence J. Gitman, Linda Koffel, and Monique Reece. Edited by Braden Watson, Brian Sherman, Elisabeth Cason, Nicole Ortloff, and Philippe Lannelongue. Available at LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network and licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Management and Leadership in Today’s Organizations

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  12. Linda Hill, Greg Brandeau, Emily Truelove, and Kent Linebeck, Collective Genius (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015).
  13. Carol Hymowitz, “Middle Managers Are Unsung Heroes on Corporate Stage,” Wall Street Journal, September 19, 2005, p. B1.
  14. Andrew S. Grove 1936-2016, Intelcom, https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/andrew-s-grove-1936-2016/, accessed September 16, 2017.)
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  21. Ibid.
  22. This section is adapted from Vivian Giang, “The 7 Types of Power That Shape the Workplace,” Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com, July 31, 2013.
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  25. Richard Lewis, “How Different Cultures Understand Time,” Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com, June 1, 2014.

 

Designing Organizational Structures

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  14. Steve Lohr, “Microsoft to Cut Up to 4,000 Sales and Marketing Jobs,” The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com, July 6, 2017.
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  19. Missy Chaiet, “6 Steps to Creating Better Strategic Outsourcing Partnerships,” https://www.cgsinc.com, July 1, 2016.
  20. Allan Steinmetz, “Seven Steps for Cultural Integration During a Merger or Acquisition,” http://www.inwardconsulting.com, accessed July 21, 2017.

 

Managing Human Resources and Labor Relations

  1. Maria M. Perotin, “New Alcon Soft Lens Solutions Approved,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, October 13, 2005, p. 2c.
  2. Kate Taylor and Dennis Green, “Best Buy’s CEO Led the Retailer in an Incredible Turnaround,” Business Insider, www.businessinsider.com/best-buy-ceo-hubert-joly-interview-2018-3, March 25, 2018.
  3. Ibid.
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  6. “Yankee Candle Improves Performance by 40% with the Predictive Index®,” https://olivergroup.com, accessed February 8 2018; Eric Krell, “Personality Counts,” HR Magazine, vol. 50 (November 2005), pp. 46–52.
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  11. Jacob Morgan, “The Top 10 Factors for On-the-Job Employee Happiness,” Forbes, https://www.forbes.com, December 15, 2014.
  12. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Union Members Summary,” https://www.bls.gov, January 19, 2018; Megan Dunn and James Walker, “Union Membership in the United States,” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2016.
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  16. Reuters, “Alcoa Locks Union Workers Out of Canada Smelter as Contract Expires,” https://www.reuters.com, January 11, 2018.
  17. Danielle Paquette, “The Gender Wage Gap Just Shrank for the First Time in a Decade,” The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com, September 15, 2017; Barry Reece and Monique Reece, “Effective Human Relations: Interpersonal and Organizational Applications, 13e (Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2017), p. 356.
  18. Kristen Bialik, “7 Facts about Americans with Disabilities,” Pew Research Center, http://www.pewresearch.org, July 27, 2017.
  19. Barry Reece and Monique Reece, Effective Human Relations: Interpersonal and Organizational Applications, 13e (Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2017), p. 362.
  20. Alexia Elejalde-Ruiz, “Ford Settles Sexual, Racial Harassment Claims at Chicago Plants for $10 Million,” Chicago Tribune, http://www.chicagotribune.com, August 17, 2017.
  21. Taylor H. Cox and Stacy Blake, “Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications for Organizational Competitiveness,” Academy of Management Executive 5(3): 45–56, 1991.
  22. United States Postal Service, “Workforce Diversity and Inclusiveness,” https://about.usps.com, accessed February 8, 2018.
  23. Robert Steyer, “CBS Taps Fidelity Investments as Record Keeper for 401(k) Plan,” Pensions & Investments, http://www.pionline.com, August 10, 2017.
  24. Ruth Umoh, “Want to Score a Job at Microsoft, Facebook, IBM or Amazon? Here Are Top Tips from Their HR Executives,” CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com, November 29, 2017.
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